Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies
Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies
INTRODUCTION 11
1 THE ROOTS OF THE
CULTURAL REVOLUTION IN MAO TSE TUNGS IDEAS
15
I Maos Thought and the
lessons of history
15
Ten days that shook the
world 16
A new society in a closed
world unified control criticism and self criticism 17
The mass line and
collective education
19
Practice and
progress 20
II Maos Thought the
rejection of mechanistic materialism class struggle 21
Organized
disturbances 21
Class struggle 23
Economic development 24
III Communes and
defence 26
The advantage of starting
from scratch 26
Complete autonomy for the
communes to speed up socialist education 27
Military thought 29
Organs of popular
participation in local affairs 33
2 THE POLARIZATION OF THE
COMMUNIST PARTY 35
The organization and
working of the Party 36
Campaigns before the
Cultural Revolution the Great Leap Forward the Peoples Communes and
Readjustment 38
After the Tenth Plenum of
the Central Committee 43
Cultural politics 48
The Party split between
two Centres 57
3 THE ARMY DURING ITS
PERIOD OF NEUTRALITY 65
After Korea the peasant
armys new image 66
The withdrawal and
reaction of the advocates of weaponry 70
The army reorganized and
prepared 73
The army during the
launching of the Red Guards 76
The revolutionary command
unified 82
4 STUDENTS AND RED
GUARDS 86
The first political
awakening 89
The purpose of the Red
Guards 96
Student privilege 100
Students versus
authorities 105
The students as a
political force 108
The special role of the
students 115
5 THE REBELLION AT THE
HEAD OF THE PARTY AND THE REBEL LEADERSHIP 119
The decline of the
Secretariat 121
The Rebel leadership 127
Finding a formula for
revolutionary committees 131
The February counter
current
134
Differing views on the
intensification of the Cultural Revolution 137
The people the cadres and
the army 141
6 THE WORKERS SEIZE POWER
AND REFUSE TO LAY DOWN THEIR ARMS 148
The January
Revolution 154
The Shanghai Commune 159
The power seizures 162
Emancipation
166
Was there division within
the working class 171
Wages and ideology 176
7 THE FIRST REVOLUTIONARY
COMMITTEES 182
The principles 186
The first six
revolutionary committees 190
Unsuccessful
revolutionary committees 194
8 THE PEASANTS A MODERATE
CULTURAL REVOLUTION 199
A restrained Cultural
Revolution in the countryside 203
Ferment 206
Revolution and peace in
the countryside 210
The strengthening of
socialist positions
214
9 THE EXTREME LEFT
217
The new attack by the
extremists 220
The Wuhan affair 224
Beating the dog in the
water 228
Polycentrism 232
The crisis in the
army 237
The revolutionary
committees in the balance 240
The fifth round 244
10 THE VICTORY OF
MODERATION 248
The political solution 252
Social change 257
An analysis of the
provisional institutions 261
The rebuilding of the
Party 264
CONCLUSION 270
POSTSCRIPT 272
NOTES 278
BIBLIOGRAPHY 307
INDEX 312
