Capitalism, socialism and democracy

Introduction by Tom Bottomore ix

PART I: THE MARXIAN DOCTRINE 1

Prologue 3

I. Marx the Prophet 5

II. Marx the Sociologist 9

III. Marx the Economist 21

IV. Marx the Teacher 45

PART II: CAN CAPITALISM SURVIVE? 59

Prologue 61

V. The Rate of Increase of Total Output 63

VI. Plausible Capitalism 72

VII. The Process of Creative Destruction 81

VIII. Monopolistic Practices 87

IX. Closed Season 107

X. The Vanishing of Investment Opportunity 111

XI. The Civilization of Capitalism 121

XII. Crumbling Walls 131

I. The Obsolescence of the Entrepreneurial Function 131

II. The Destruction of the Protecting Strata 134

III. The Destruction of the Institutional Framework of Capitalist Society 139

XIII. Growing Hostility 143

I. The Social Atmosphere of Capitalism 143

II. The Sociology of the Intellectual 145

XIV. Decomposition 156

PART III: CAN SOCIALISM WORK? 165

XV. Clearing Decks 167

XVI. The Socialist Blueprint 172

XVII. Comparison of Blueprints 187

I. A Preliminary Point 187

II. A Discussion of Comparative Efficiency 188

III. The Case for the Superiority of the Socialist Blueprint 193

XVIII. The Human Element 200

A Warning 200

I. The Historical Relativity of the Argument 200

II. About Demigods and Archangels 202

III. The Problem of Bureaucratic Management 205

IV. Saving and Discipline 210

V. Authoritarian Discipline in Socialism; a Lesson from Russia 212

XIX. Transition 219

I. Two Different Problems Distinguished 219

II. Socialization in a State of Maturity 221

III. Socialization in a State of Immaturity 223

IV. Socialist Policy Before the Act; the English Example 228

PART IV: SOCIALISM AND DEMOCRACY 232

XX. The Setting of the Problem 235

I. The Dictatorship of the Proletariat 235

II. The Record of Socialist Parties 237

III. A Mental Experiment 240

IV. In Search of a Definition 243

XXI. The Classical Doctrine of Democracy 250

I. The Common Good and the Will of the People 250

II. The Will of the People and Individual Volition 252

III. Human Nature in Politics 256

IV. Reasons for the Survival of the Classical Doctrine 264

XXII. Another Theory of Democracy 269

I. Competition for Political Leadership 269

II. The Principle Applied 273

XXIII. The Inference 284

I. Some Implications of the Preceding Analysis 284

II. Conditions for the Success of the Democratic Method 289

III. Democracy in the Socialist Order 296

PART V: A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF SOCIALIST PARTIES 303

Prologue 305

XXIV. The Nonage 306

XXV. The Situation that Marx Faced 312

XXVI. From 1875 to 1914 320

I. English Developments and the Spirit of Fabianism 320

II. Sweden on the One Hand and Russia on the Other 325

III. Socialist Groups in the United States 331

IV. The French Case; Analysis of Syndicalism 336

V. The German Party and Revisionism; the Austrian Socialists 341

VI. The Second International 349

XXVII. From the First to the Second World War 352

I. The “Gran Rifiuto” 352

II. The Effects of the First World War on the Chances of the Socialist Parties 354

III. Communism and the Russian Element 358

IV. Administering Capitalism? 363

V. The Present War and the Future of Socialist Parties 373

XXVIII. The Consequences of the Second World War 376

I. England and Orthodox Socialism 377

II. Economic Possibilities in the United States 380

1. Redistribution of Income through Taxation 381
2. The Great Possibility 382
3. Conditions for Its Realization 385
4. Transitional Problems 391
5. The Stagnationist Thesis 392
6. Conclusion 398

III. Russian Imperialism and Communism 398

PREFACES AND COMMENTS ON LATER DEVELOPMENTS

Preface to the First Edition, 1942 409

Preface to the Second Edition, 1946 411

Preface to the Third Edition, 1949 415

The March into Socialism 421

Index 433