Turkish diplomacy 1918-23 : Mustafa kamal and the Turkish national movement and the Turkish nation movement ..............

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments ..............................................................................................................xi

List of Abbreviations .........................................................................................................xiii

Note on Turkish Alphabet and Names .............................................................................xv

1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................1

• The Armistice of Mudros
• Territorial Claims Against the Ottoman Empire
• The Greek Invasion of Izmir and its Repercussions

2. Foundations of Nationalist Diplomacy: May 1919 to April 1920 ..............................13

• Efforts to Salvage the Turkish Homelands
• Amasya Tamimi (The Amasya Proclamation)
• The Erzurum Congress
• The Sivas Congress
• Relations of the Hey’et-i Temsiliye with the Istanbul Government
• Foreign Relations of the Hey’et-i Temsiliye
• Nationalist Uprising in Cilicia
• Allied Occupation of Istanbul and its Aftermath

3. The Eastern Policy of the Nationalists: April 1920 to March 1921 ......................... 35

• Establishment of the Büyük Millet Meclisi and Fundamental Foreign Policy Decisions
• Nationalist Overtures to Soviet Russia
• The First Nationalist-Bolshevik Conference in Moscow
• The Turko-Armenian Conflict and the Treaty of Alexandropol
• The Second Moscow Conference and the Turko-Russian Treaty of Amity and Fraternity
• The Turko-Afghan Treaty

4. The Western Policy of the Nationalists: April 1920 to March 1921 ........................ 73

• Before the Treaty of Sèvres: Armistice with France
• Nationalists and the Treaty of Sèvres
• Nationalist Policy after the Treaty of Sèvres: Efforts to Revise the Treaty
• The Ahmet Izzet Pasha Mission to Anatolia
• Nationalist Policy at the London Conference
• Nationalist Secret Negotiations and Agreements During the London Conference
• The London Conference in Retrospect, and the Greek Offensive

5. Nationalist Foreign Policy from their Second Victory at İnönü to the Inception of the Turkish War of Liberation: April 1921 to August 1922 ..................................................................................................................... 113

• After the London Conference
• Failure of Allied Mediation Leading to the Battle of Sakarya
• Nationalist Foreign Policy after Sakarya
• Relations with Soviet Russia
• (a) The Treaty of Kars
• (b) The Frunze Mission and the Treaty with Ukraine
• (c) Relations with Russia during the Embassy of Aralov
• The Franklin-Bouillon Mission and Relations with France
• The Cavaliere Tuozzi Mission and Relations with Italy
• The Yusuf Kemal Mission and Relations with Britain
• (a) Efforts to Bring About a Rapprochement Between Ankara and London
• (b) The Yusuf Kemal Mission to London
• (c) Relations with Britain Before the Turkish Summer Offensive
• Relations with Other Countries

6. Failure of Diplomacy to Solve the Turkish Question: September 1921 to October 1922 ............................................................................................................................................ 161

• Mediation by the Entente Powers
• The Turkish War of Liberation
• The Ali Fethi Mission
• The Turkish Offensive
• The Mudanya Armistice
• The Military Crisis Before the Armistice
• The Armistice

7. Nationalist Diplomacy at Lausanne: October 1922 to August 1923 ..................... 185

• Before the Conference
• The First Part of the Conference
• Suspension of Negotiations
• The Second Part of the Conference and the Treaty of Lausanne

Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 231

Appendix: Notes on Sources .......................................................................................... 237

Bibliography ................................................................................................................... 241

Index ................................................................................................................................ 253