THE RECURRENCE OF SECURITY CHALLENGES IN CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS (CHT): EXPLORING ROOT CAUSES

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1. Introduction
2. Understanding Root Causes of Security Challenges in CHT: Towards a Holistic Analytical Framework
3. Contextualising CHT as a Historical Shatter Zone
4. Politics of Identity and Marginality
5. Politics of Land Rights
6. The 1997 Peace Accord and the Failure of National Integration
7. CHT at the Juncture of Diverging Geopolitical Interests
8. Chronic Security Challenges and Policy Suggestions
9. Conclusion

THE RECURRENCE OF SECURITY CHALLENGES IN CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS (CHT): EXPLORING ROOT CAUSES

Author: Nur Ahmed

DOI Link: https://www.doi.org/10.56888/BIISSj2025v46n1a1

ABSTRACT

The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) in Bangladesh have long been plagued by recurring security challenges which have deep historical roots and continue to complicate the region’s stability. This paper explores the underlying causes of these persistent security issues by examining socio-political, historical, and economic factors. A comprehensive understanding of the region’s security dynamics requires a retrospective analysis of root causes. Using a qualitative research approach, the paper draws on James C. Scott’s work on hill demography and applies it to the context of CHT. The analysis identifies five key factors contributing to the recurrence of security challenges in the region: the unique political characteristics of CHT, identity-based politics, the complexities surrounding land disputes, policy failures, and the influence of broader geopolitical dynamics. By synthesising these elements, the paper offers a framework for understanding the drivers of instability in CHT. Based on these findings, it concludes with policy recommendations aimed at addressing the root causes of security challenges for fostering long-term peace and stability in the region.

BANGLADESH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AND STRATEGIC STUDIES

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