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Abstract
This article evaluates Pakistan’s counter-terrorism challenges, focusing on its dual role as both a frontline ally in the global war on terror and a state grappling with domestic extremism. It reviews the rise of militant networks, weak governance, and socio-economic conditions that fuel radicalization. The paper examines Pakistan’s military operations, intelligence strategies, and legislative measures, as well as its cooperation and tensions with the US and regional partners. The study highlights the dilemmas of balancing external pressure with internal legitimacy. It concludes that sustainable counter-terrorism requires institutional reforms, socioeconomic development, and credible democratic governance alongside military measures.
Full Text
The body first outlines the history of terrorism in Pakistan since the Afghan jihad. Section One assesses militant networks: Taliban factions, sectarian groups, and transnational linkages. Section Two analyses counter-terrorism measures: military campaigns in FATA, intelligence cooperation, and drone strikes. Section Three evaluates governance challenges: judicial capacity, police reform, and corruption. Section Four considers international dimensions: Pakistan-US alliance, India-Pakistan tensions, and China’s strategic interests. Section Five proposes long-term strategies: deradicalisation, madrasa reform, and inclusive development. The conclusion emphasizes that without addressing root causes, counter-terrorism will remain reactive and incomplete.