DILEMMAS IN NEPALESE FOREIGN POLICY

This analytical study examines the complex dilemmas facing Nepalese foreign policy during the late 1980s, focusing on Nepal's strategic positioning between two major powers and its efforts to maintain independence while pursuing development objectives. The article explores the historical evolution of Nepal's foreign policy from isolation to active international engagement and analyzes the persistent challenges of geographical determinism. The research investigates Nepal's relations with India and China, examining how historical ties, economic dependencies, and security concerns shape these crucial bilateral relationships. The study assesses Nepal's efforts to diversify its international relations through multilateral engagement, economic partnerships, and diplomatic initiatives. The article examines specific foreign policy dilemmas including trade and transit relations, security cooperation, developmental assistance, and cultural diplomacy. The research also evaluates Nepal's success in maintaining its non-aligned status while navigating complex regional dynamics. Furthermore, the analysis identifies strategic options for enhancing Nepal's foreign policy effectiveness and national autonomy.

Nepal's foreign policy has been characterized by persistent dilemmas arising from its geographical position and developmental needs, with this article providing a comprehensive analysis of these challenges during the late 1980s. The research begins by examining the historical evolution of Nepal's foreign relations, tracing the journey from traditional isolation under the Rana regime to active international engagement following democratic movements and developmental imperatives. The analysis explores Nepal's relationship with India, analyzing how historical ties, economic interdependence, security concerns, and cultural connections create both opportunities and constraints for Nepalese foreign policy. The article investigates Nepal-China relations, examining how cross-border connectivity, economic cooperation, and strategic balancing have shaped this important bilateral relationship. The study assesses Nepal's multilateral engagements, including its role in regional organizations like SAARC and its participation in global forums including the United Nations and Non-Aligned Movement. The research examines specific foreign policy dilemmas, including the challenge of maintaining balanced relations with neighboring giants, managing economic dependencies while preserving political autonomy, and leveraging international assistance for development without compromising sovereignty. Based on the comprehensive assessment, the article analyzes Nepal's success in navigating these complex challenges and identifies strategic approaches for enhancing foreign policy effectiveness. The findings provide valuable insights into how small landlocked states manage complex geopolitical environments and contribute to understanding the foreign policy challenges of states with powerful neighbors.