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Abstract
This article examines the structural non-reciprocity in Bangladesh-India bilateral trade, highlighting market access barriers and competitiveness issues. It analyzes trade flows, tariff and non-tariff barriers, and infrastructural bottlenecks. The paper argues that Bangladesh faces persistent trade deficits not only due to policy asymmetry but also limited domestic competitiveness. Recommendations include upgrading export capabilities, modernizing border infrastructure, and negotiating preferential frameworks.
Full Text
The body reviews trade statistics to show persistent deficits, then categorizes barriers: tariff peaks, para-tariffs, cumbersome customs procedures, and inadequate transport links. Section One analyzes sectoral imbalances—Bangladesh’s concentration in a few products versus India’s diversified supply. Section Two examines domestic competitiveness challenges such as energy reliability, logistics, and quality assurance. Section Three reviews bilateral initiatives like border haats, joint committees, and SAARC frameworks. Section Four outlines strategic policy options: trade facilitation measures, targeted subsidies, and advocacy for level-playing fields. The conclusion emphasizes leveraging regionalism while building internal capacity to compete.