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Abstract
This article explores the concept of sub-regional cooperation in South Asia within the broader SAARC framework. It examines initiatives such as the South Asian Growth Quadrangle (SAGQ) and cross-border infrastructure projects. The study argues that while political sensitivities hinder progress, sub-regionalism offers pragmatic opportunities for trade, connectivity, and energy cooperation.
Full Text
The body begins by reviewing the origins of SAARC and its limitations. Section One introduces sub-regionalism as a complementary approach, highlighting its flexibility compared to SAARC-wide agreements. Section Two analyzes the South Asian Growth Quadrangle (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and India) as a pioneering experiment. Section Three evaluates energy cooperation initiatives, especially hydropower projects in Nepal and Bhutan. Section Four highlights political challenges, including Indo-Pakistan rivalry. The conclusion suggests that sub-regionalism can build trust and provide incremental integration where broader initiatives falter.