Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies
Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies
A Definition of Liberal Democracy 89
Assumptions and Preconditions of Democracy 97
The Critics of Democracy 102 5.
The Clash of Principles: Liberalism, Conservatism, and
Democratic Socialism 110 Classical Liberalism 113
Orthodox Conservatism 123
Democratic Socialism 132 6.
The Foundations of Liberty: Constitutionalism and
Representative Government 151
Constitutionalism, Ancient and Medieval 156 Modern
Constitutional Government 163
The Tradition of Governmental Responsibility 167
The Tradition of Limited Authority 171
Current Constitutional Problems 180
PART II. WESTERN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES
193
Introduction 197
The Making of Public Policy 197
7. Lawmaking and Legislatures 206
The Form and Organization of Legislatures 207 The
Legislative Process 218
8. Executive Policy-Making 239
Executive Branches: Form and Organization 240
Executive Policy-Making 248 Executive-Legislative
Relations 254
9. Judges and Civil Servants 269
Law and Legal Systems 270 Public Administration 288
10. Political Parties, Interest Groups, and Public
Opinion 300
Party Systems and Politics 302
Interest Groups in the Political System 320
The Role of Public Opinion 326
11. Federalism and Unitarism 330
Federalism and Society 332
Different Patterns of Federal Institutions 335
Federalism and Politics 346
Federalism and the International Order 351
PART III. OUR REVOLUTIONAGE 352
On Revolution 352
12. Modernization and Political Change 358
Modern Society and Democracy 359
Traditional Society and Autocracy 363
The Transitional Process 367
The Individual Emerges 374
Democratic Development or Totalitarianism? 379
13. Communist Totalitarianism 386
Moderates and Totalitarianisms 387
Marx-Engels, an Ambiguous Legacy 390
Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism 395
Red China and Polycentrism 402
The Appeals of Communism 412
14. Fascism and National Socialism 419
The Rise of Italian Fascism 420
The Rise of German National Socialism 426
Fascist Ideology and Reality: A Comparison 436
Totalitarian Governments Compared 447
15. World Politics in the Age of Revolution 464
The Driving Force of Nationalism 465
Imperialism, Old and New 471
The Outlook: Neither Peace nor War 477
Selected Bibliography 485
Index 507
