BANGLADESH-MYANMAR RELATIONS: MAKING THE BEST OF PROXIMITY

This article examines the bilateral relationship between Bangladesh and Myanmar, arguing for a pragmatic approach to "making the best of proximity." It provides a comprehensive assessment of the state of relations, acknowledging the persistent challenges while also highlighting the significant untapped potential for cooperation. The study identifies the Rohingya refugee crisis as the single most significant and enduring obstacle to a more stable and productive relationship. However, the research also explores a range of areas where cooperation could yield mutual benefits, including the expansion of formal trade, the development of cross-border transport connectivity, cooperation in the energy sector, and joint efforts to combat transnational crime. The paper advocates for a policy of proactive engagement, suggesting that building cooperation in these functional areas could help to build the trust necessary to address the more difficult political issues. The analysis concludes that a strategic and forward-looking approach can transform the shared border from a source of problems into a gateway for opportunity.

Geographical proximity presents both challenges and opportunities for neighboring states. This paper analyzes the Bangladesh-Myanmar relationship through this lens, advocating for a strategic focus on the opportunities. The analysis begins with a candid assessment of the major challenges that have historically defined the relationship. The primary focus is the unresolved Rohingya refugee issue, which the paper identifies as a major source of political tension and a humanitarian crisis that has repeatedly strained bilateral ties. It also discusses other security challenges, such as border management and transnational narcotics trafficking. Having acknowledged these problems, the core of the paper shifts to a detailed exploration of the potential for positive engagement. It makes a strong case for the economic benefits of enhanced connectivity, envisioning a future where Bangladesh could serve as a vital transport and trade link between South and Southeast Asia, with Myanmar as a key gateway. The paper also explores the potential for energy cooperation, particularly in the natural gas sector, and the mutual benefits of expanding formal trade in agricultural and other products. The findings lead to a clear policy recommendation: while not ignoring the difficult political issues, both countries should pursue a parallel track of functional cooperation in areas of clear mutual gain. The paper concludes that such a pragmatic approach is the most effective way to manage the challenges and fully realize the significant, yet largely untapped, benefits of their shared proximity.