PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS: A NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL ISSUE

This analytical study examines the evolving debate over whether human rights protection should be primarily a national responsibility or an international concern during the late 1980s. The article explores the theoretical foundations of human rights jurisdiction, analyzing the tension between state sovereignty principles and emerging international human rights norms. The research investigates the development of international human rights instruments and mechanisms, including United Nations conventions, regional human rights systems, and non-governmental monitoring organizations. The study assesses the effectiveness of national human rights protection systems in different political contexts and examines the conditions under which international intervention becomes justified. The article also analyzes case studies of human rights situations where the national-international jurisdiction boundary has been tested. Furthermore, the research evaluates the impact of changing global political dynamics, including the end of the Cold War, on the human rights protection regime and identifies emerging trends in human rights governance.

The protection of human rights represented one of the most contentious issues in international relations during the late 1980s, with this article providing a comprehensive examination of the jurisdiction debate between national and international responsibility. The research begins by tracing the historical development of human rights concepts, from natural law traditions through the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to contemporary international human rights law. The analysis explores the theoretical foundations of state sovereignty in international law and examines how this principle interacts with emerging norms of international human rights protection. The article investigates the development of international human rights mechanisms, including UN treaty bodies, special rapporteurs, and regional human rights courts, assessing their effectiveness in promoting and protecting human rights. The study examines national human rights protection systems, analyzing constitutional provisions, judicial mechanisms, national human rights commissions, and other domestic institutions in different political contexts. The research assesses the conditions under which international intervention in human rights situations becomes justified, examining debates over humanitarian intervention, sanctions, and other international measures. Based on the comprehensive assessment, the article develops a framework for understanding the appropriate balance between national responsibility and international concern in human rights protection. The findings provide valuable insights into the evolving nature of sovereignty in the international system and contribute to understanding how human rights norms are transforming state behavior and international relations.