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Abstract
This comprehensive analysis examines the effects of the Farakka Barrage on Bangladesh and explores the international legal implications of this transboundary water dispute between Bangladesh and India. The article investigates the hydrological, environmental, and socioeconomic impacts of the barrage on downstream areas in Bangladesh, including changes in river flows, salinity intrusion, and agricultural productivity. The research analyzes the historical context of the Farakka dispute, tracing the development of the barrage project and subsequent negotiations between Bangladesh and India. The study examines the relevant principles of international water law, including equitable utilization, no-harm rule, and prior notification requirements, and assesses how these apply to the Farakka case. The article evaluates the negotiation processes and temporary agreements that have governed water sharing arrangements. The research also identifies potential legal remedies and diplomatic approaches for resolving the dispute in a manner that respects both countries' rights and needs.
Full Text
The Farakka Barrage dispute represented one of the most significant transboundary water conflicts in South Asia, with this article providing a comprehensive analysis of its impacts on Bangladesh and international legal implications during the mid-1980s. The research begins by examining the technical aspects of the Farakka Barrage, analyzing how the diversion structure on the Ganges River in India affects downstream flows into Bangladesh during critical dry seasons. The analysis explores the hydrological impacts on Bangladesh, investigating how reduced freshwater flows have increased salinity intrusion in coastal areas, affected navigation channels, and changed sedimentation patterns in the Ganges-dependent river system. The article examines environmental consequences, assessing how altered river flows have affected fisheries, biodiversity, and ecosystem services in the Ganges delta region. The study investigates socioeconomic impacts, analyzing how water scarcity during dry periods affects agriculture, drinking water availability, and public health in affected regions of Bangladesh. The research evaluates the international legal framework applicable to transboundary water disputes, examining how principles of equitable utilization, no significant harm, prior notification, and cooperation should guide resolution of the Farakka dispute. Based on the comprehensive assessment, the article develops a framework for equitable and sustainable management of the Ganges waters that balances Indian and Bangladeshi needs while respecting international legal norms. The findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay of technical, environmental, and legal factors in transboundary water disputes and contribute to developing cooperative approaches to shared river management.