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Abstract
This comprehensive analysis examines the complex issues of territorial sovereignty and water sharing rights over the Ganges River between India and Bangladesh during the mid-1980s. The article explores the historical context of the Ganges water dispute, tracing its origins from colonial irrigation projects to contemporary water management challenges. The research investigates the legal frameworks governing transboundary watercourses and analyzes their application to the Ganges River system. The study examines the technical aspects of water flow management, including the impact of the Farakka Barrage on downstream water availability in Bangladesh. The article assesses the diplomatic negotiations between India and Bangladesh on Ganges water sharing and evaluates the effectiveness of existing agreements. The research also considers the environmental and socioeconomic implications of water scarcity in Bangladesh and identifies potential pathways for cooperative water management. Furthermore, the analysis proposes mechanisms for ensuring equitable and sustainable utilization of the Ganges waters by both riparian states.
Full Text
The Ganges River dispute represents one of the most critical bilateral issues between India and Bangladesh, with this article providing a comprehensive analysis of sovereignty and water sharing challenges during the mid-1980s. The research begins by examining the historical context of the Ganges water dispute, tracing the evolution from British colonial irrigation projects to post-independence water development initiatives in both countries. The analysis explores the legal framework for transboundary watercourses, examining principles of equitable utilization, no significant harm, and prior notification as they apply to the Ganges River system. The article investigates the technical dimensions of the water dispute, analyzing hydrological data, seasonal flow variations, and the impact of the Farakka Barrage on water availability in downstream Bangladesh. The study examines the diplomatic history of Ganges water negotiations, assessing the 1977 Agreement and subsequent arrangements, and analyzing the factors that have facilitated or constrained cooperative solutions. The research evaluates the environmental consequences of water diversion, including impacts on agriculture, fisheries, navigation, and ecosystem health in the Ganges delta region of Bangladesh. Based on the comprehensive assessment, the article develops a framework for sustainable and equitable Ganges water management that balances the legitimate interests of both riparian states. The findings provide valuable insights into the challenges of transboundary water management in South Asia and contribute to understanding how historical legacies, technical complexities, and political dynamics shape water disputes between neighboring states.