Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies
Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies
CHAPTER PAGE
I THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY HERITAGE OF
POLITICAL IDEAS 1
The Scope of Political Theory 1
Ideas on the Location of Political Authority 5
Ideas on the Province of Government 11
The Criteria of Political Theory 21
Bibliography 30
PART I SOCIALISTIC DOCTRINES
II KARL MARX 35
Marx's Science of Socialism 39
Marx's Program of Action 52
Bibliography 62
III THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENT AND THE ORTHODOX
FOLLOWERS OF MARX BEFORE THE WORLD WAR 66
Bibliography 82
IV DEMOCRATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISTS 85
Academic State Socialists 85
The Land Taxers 88
The Fabian Socialists 98
Revisionist and Reformist Socialists of
Continental Europe 107
The Nationalism of Fabians and Revisionists 116
Bibliography 118
V SOCIALISM SINCE 1914 122
The Socialists and the World War 122
Liberal Trends in Contemporary Socialism 129
Post-War Socialists of the Left 140
Bibliography 142
VI THE SOCIALISTS OF SOVIET RUSSIA 146
Origins and Policy 146
The Communist Doctrines 160
Conclusion 183
Bibliography 184
VII THE ANARCHISTS 192
Historical Sketch 192
Bakunin 202
Kropotkin 207
Anarchist Propaganda by Deed 217
Tolstoi 222
Bibliography 225
VIII THE SYNDICALISTS 229
Historical Background of French Syndicalism 229
The Doctrines of Revolutionary Syndicalism 235
The New Syndicalism in France 252
Bibliography 257
IX THE GUILD SOCIALISTS 261
The Guild-Socialist Criticisms 264
A Society of Guilds 266
The Political Theory of the Guild Socialists 274
Conclusion 283
Bibliography 286
PART II THE CONTROVERSY OVER DEMOCRACY
X THE DEMOCRATIC TRADITION 291
The Case for Democracy 291
The Problem of Representation 295
The Trend towards Democracy 301
Bibliography 306
XI THE ATTACK ON DEMOCRACY 308
Rule by Average Men 309
An Unscientific Dogma 313
The Impossibility of Democracy 328
Bibliography 332
XII SUBSTITUTES OR CORRECTIVES FOR DEMOCRACY 336
Kings or Dictators 336
Rule by the Elite 340
Mixed Government 345
Conclusion 351
Bibliography 352
XIII THE DEFENSE OF DEMOCRACY 353
Democracy and Biology 354
The Argument from Experience 364
Conclusion 372
Bibliography 376
PART III POLITICAL AUTHORITY AND INDIVIDUAL
LIBERTY
XIV THE OPPOSITION TO STATE INTERFERENCE 381
The Problem of a Criterion 381
Non-Interference in Morals and Opinions 385
Economic Laisser-faire 390
Bibliography 404
XV PHILOSOPHICAL GROUNDS FOR STATE INTERVENTION
408
The Doctrine of Solidarite 410
Political Idealism in Recent British Philosophy
415
The Political Doctrine of Thomas Hill Green 422
Bibliography 430
XVI REASON OF STATE AND THE DOCTRINE OF
POLITICAL AUTHORITY BY FORCE 433
The Authoritarian Tradition 433
Nationalism, Imperialism, and Militarism 441
The State as Physical Power 450
Bibliography 457
XVII THE FASCISTS 460
Origins 460
The Structure and Policy of the Fascist State
468
Fascist Doctrine 472
Comparisons and Appraisals 483
Bibliography 492
XVIII THE PLURALISTS ATTACK ON STATE SOVEREIGNTY
497
The State's Legal Sovereignty 498
Criticisms and Proposals of the Pluralists 503
Conclusion 515
Bibliography 518
XIX LAW AND THE STATE 521
The Analytical Conception of Positive Law 523
Positive Law in Relation to Social Philosophy
527
The Law above the State 533
Conclusion 539
Bibliography 542
XX EMPIRICAL COLLECTIVISM 545
Bibliography 559
INDEX 563
